A grim MIT study dated 1972 predicted that society would collapse by the mid-21st century, sparking criticism and generating debate. Today we know that for the economic part that study was right. And as a world community we are on track to get the general prediction right as well.
A new paper revisited the original MIT study and found that the collapse of society is indeed on the table. Of course, we can still change and the future is not final: even in the worst case, humanity will not cease to exist in 2040. But the world could go through much tougher times if the prediction comes true.
The controversial MIT study of the collapse of society
Published by Club of Rome, the 1972 study proposed a system dynamics model that identified "limits to growth". Factors such as over-exploitation would have fueled the collapse, which MIT says could happen by the middle of the 21st century.
MIT researchers took a lot of criticism at the time. The new document from the senior director of KPMG, however, states that the scenario identified at the time is still plausible.
Gaya Herrington is responsible for sustainability and dynamic system analysis at KPMG in the United States. She reviewed the MIT study as part of her master's thesis at Harvard. The firm is not directly tied to one of the four largest accounting firms in the world. However, the study is published on the KPMG website, but also in the November 2020 edition of Yale Journal of Industrial Ecology.
When growth is no longer possible
"Given the unattractive prospect of the collapse of society, I was curious to see which scenarios were aligning more closely with today's empirical data," explained the author. on the KPMG website.
After all, the book presenting this world model was a bestseller in the 70s, and now we would have several decades of empirical data that would make a comparison meaningful. But to my surprise, I couldn't find any recent comparison attempts. So I decided to do it myself.
Gaya Herrington, KPMG
Herrington looked at data from 10 key variables. 10 crucial factors to study MIT's prediction about the collapse of society. He analyzed:
- Population;
- Fertility rates;
- Mortality rates;
- Industrial production;
- Food production;
- Services;
- Non-renewable resources;
- Persistent pollution;
- Human well-being;
- Ecological footprint.
Its data identified two likely scenarios for the next few years: "BAU2"(business as usual) and"CT"(Comprehensive Technology).
"The BAU2 and CT scenarios show stunting within a decade or so", concludes the study." Both scenarios therefore indicate that it is not possible to continue the business as usual, that is, to pursue continuous growth. Even if coupled with unprecedented technological development, the "continuous growth" model would still lead to declines in industrial capital, agricultural production and welfare levels by this century.
The collapse of society is not the end
However, the collapse of society (of the CURRENT model of society, to be more precise) sounds like a death sentence for humanity, but it is not.
Economic and industrial growth will stop, and then decline. This will damage food production and the standard of living. In terms of timing, the scenario BAU2 shows a steep decline around 2040, the new study says, even anticipating that of 1972.
The scenery CT it would produce an economic decline around the same date, but not considered a collapse of society.
There is also a scenario called stabilized world (SW). It would avoid the sad result of MIT, but it is by far the most unlikely according to the data analysis. It is the sustainable path, and currently it could still be done. The problem is, we only have less than 10 years to decide.
