The next frontier of human presence on the Moon could go far beyond simple walks. China is exploring the idea of using lava tubes, natural tunnels formed by ancient volcanic eruptions, to build a lunar base inside them, sheltered from harsh space conditions.
Lava Tubes: The Key to Survival?
Lava tubes are fascinating geological structures. They form when lava flows onto the surface of a planet or moon and then cools and solidifies on the surface, while the material underneath continues to flow. This process leaves behind empty, cave-like tunnels. On Earth, these lava tubes are often tourist attractions, but on the Moon they could have much greater value.
Thanks to their structure, in fact, lava tubes could offer protection against space radiation, one of the greatest dangers for astronauts. Radiation can cause serious health damage, and having a natural shelter could be the key to long stays on the Moon.
That's not all: the temperature inside the lava tubes is relatively stable, unlike the extreme thermal variations on the lunar surface. This feature could make life inside the tubes much more comfortable and safe for astronauts. Finally, this solution could also reduce construction costs, given that part of the structure is already naturally present.
What is the timing of such a project?
China has expressly expressed its intention to build one base on the Moon by 2028, but building an underground base may take longer. The idea, however, deserves to be explored further, and not just for the Moon.
The lava tubes could have implications for other space missions as well. Mars, for example, is also equipped with similar underground formations: Chinese researchers have studied both Mare Tranquillitatis and Mare Fecunditatis. In 2022 a team of scientists published one study on volcanic features of Mare Fecunditatis in the journal Remote Sensing. the possibility of using lava tubes for basic bases could revolutionize the exploration of the red planet. All things considered, it could be the key to human survival off Earth.
A “back to the future”: everyone in the caves again, but on other planets.
