Even the much feared Cancer would be easy to eradicate if it didn't have the terrible habit of spreading throughout the body. Today researchers atUniversity of Bern and Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics have discovered a particular protein signaling pathway that can control when a tumor can spread and when cannot do so, thus improving the approach to the disease.
The researchers focused on a receptor called ALK7, studying its role in mice with breast or pancreatic cancer. The team found that when activated with the Activin B protein, the ALK7 receptor triggers a signaling pathway that can kill tumor cells through the process of apoptosis, as well as suppress metastasis and prevent the formation of new tumors.
Being hard to die, Cancer often crosses this barrier lowering by itself levels of Activin B, the ALK7 receptor, or both. In fact, researchers tried to inhibit ALK7 altogether and cancer spread.
“This study reinforces the notion that apoptosis is an important barrier to tumor genesis, and that tumor evasion of this mechanism represents its most important ability to produce lethal effects,” says Douglas Hanahan, author of the study.
Plus: the team found that high levels of ALK7 in humans are linked to (even long) periods of remission.
“Understanding the behavior of the tumor, and what precautions it has in overriding all the safety systems of our body is a huge step forward towards defeating this pathology,” another coauthor echoes him, Iacovos Michael.
Acting on metastases is one of the new, promising anticancer strategies, and Activin B it's not the only protein in the sights of scientists. Research yes focus on proteins capable of transporting tumor cells from one side to side of the body, and others involved in the whole process.
Some scholars hypothesize that blocking metastases is even more important than destroying the cancer itself. It could be the decisive intuition.
The research was published in the scientific journal Developmental Cell.
