A lithium-ion battery that uses copper nanowires to organize its particles can be recharged to 60% capacity in 6 minutes, without losing the ability to store energy. This increased efficiency could one day power electric vehicles, dramatically reducing waiting times for charging.
Le car's battery performance, which are mostly lithium ion, are based on chemical substances: "binders" used to hold the particles together: this translates into dense liquids (which, presenting a more "random" distribution of the particles, lead to longer charging times long) or to liquids with smaller particles, which recharge more quickly but have less energy capacity.
To overcome these problems, Yao Hongbin from the University of Science and Technology of China in Hefei and colleagues designed a lithium-ion battery with a “structured” anode, the positive end of a battery.
The research was published in Science Advancese and I put it here.
How does the copper and lithium ion battery work?
Usually, the anodes of lithium batteries are made up of graphite particles through which the charge flows: these particles are usually arranged in a fairly random order. Hongbin and his team arranged the particles in order of particle size and porosity.
The battery thus structured has charged to 60% and 80% in 5,6 and 11,4 minutes respectively, while maintaining a high energy storage in standard tests.
And to get to 100%? The researchers did not record how long it takes (but why?). On the other hand, I read in the paper, electric car manufacturers often recommend charging vehicles up to 80% to maintain battery life.
A Tesla typically takes 40 to 60 minutes to go from 40% to 80% charge.
The recharge? A question of porosity
“In our design, we structured the entire electrode density,” explains Yao. “We use higher porosity at the top of the anode and lower porosity at the bottom.”
To achieve this, the research team coated the anode particles with copper graphite and mixed them with copper nanowires. The particles were then heated, cooled and compressed, establishing the ordered structure.
A defect? Coating and making the copper nanowires could add additional costs to what is currently a fairly inexpensive component of the battery.
In other words: faster charging, of course. But more expensive.
Let's see if this research will also make progress in terms of prices: in that case the adoption of this type of battery will be practically certain.
